Re: More complete internals documentation?

From: Shirl Casner <shirlgato_at_email.domain.hidden>
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2014 18:07:41 -0700

Tom,

Bitsavers.org has a lot of really good Apple lisa materials. Many thanks to AL KOSSOW for all of this stuff, he's really been able to preserve some rather rare Lisa materials (and many other computer information too).

To answer your question, check out the following in Bitsavers:

http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/apple/lisa/pascal_monitor/Pascal_Development_System_Internal_Documentation_Jan82.pdf

http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/apple/lisa/pascal_monitor/The_Pascal_Development_System_Manual_Feb82.pdf

http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/apple/lisa/pascal_monitor/Lisa_Development_System_Manual_Mar85.pdf

Thee I believe contain the extra information you are requesting.

FWIW ... Concerning the I-CODE information found in the January 1982 manual, this was the intermediate code which the Lisa Pascal compiler produced. The Lisa Code Generator converted these i-codes to the final 68000 code. I-Code contained a lower-level view of the higher-level Pascal statements. From one of the Lisa Pascal developers (Al Hoffman) i-code was a flattened representation of the tree-based Pascal data structures for a program. It was much easier for the code generator to use i-code to produce the final assembly code. Also, i-code was much much (2 muchs here) easier to use than having the Pascal compiler itself generate the final machine object code. I-code from what I can tell was somewhat similar to the UCSD Pascal p-code architecture. It seems Apple was planning to use the compiler>i_code>code_generator architecture for subsequent Lisa languages, e.g. Lisa FORTRAN. These other languages would compile their sources into i-code and then the already-existing code generator would translate the i-code to object code. Also, Apple's very early Lisa design proposed using an Apple-built processor that ran p-code (or maybe i-code?). But from what I understand this processor's development was too significant of any effort by Apple so it instead used the newly released 68000 processor from Motorola.

Concerning the APPLE II section, the Lisa originally was controlled by an Apple II computer during the initial development years. I believe the Lisa ROM even for the last Lisas contained code that allowed the Lisa and an Apple II to communicate. Early Lisa development was done on an Apple II and the Lisa object code was transmitted to a Lisa which then ran the code. Note also that the Lisa Twiggy drives were "smart" drives which handled their won operations (e.g. read a sector). The Lisa communicated with the Twiggy drives via a simple parameter-based mechanism. The Twiggies internally contained a 6504 processor (a relative of the 6502 which was used for Apple's II and III lines). The programming of the Lisa I/O ROM was done in 6502 assembly language. Bitsavers (where else?) contains a listing of this I/O ROM:

http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/apple/lisa/firmware/IO_ROM_88_Listing_Dec83.pdf

I believe this I/O ROM programming was originally done by RICH WILLIAMS of the Apple II group, later the Lisa group continued its development.

Hope these ramblings of early Lisa info are of some interest to someone somewhere.

===

On November 5, 2014, at 8:54 AM, Tom Stepleton wrote:

> Hi all,
>
> In this PDF file:
>
> http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/apple/lisa/toolkit_3.0/Package_2_Examples/17_Lisa_Development_System_Internals_Documentation_Feb84.pdf
>
> the Table of Contents tantalizingly lists the following topics:
>
> Lisa Development Software Documentation: A Road Map
> Pascal Compiler Directives
> Pascal Code-Cruncher's Handbook
> The Last Whole Earth Text File Format
> Pascal's Packing Algorithm
> PASLIB Procedure Interface
> PPaslibC Unit: Privileged PASLIB Calls
> Execution Environment of the Pascal Compiler
> Intrinsic Units Mechanism (overview)
> IUManager (old and "spring release" versions)
> Object FiIe Formats
> Inbterface [sic] to OBJIOLIB
> Format of .SYMBOLS File
> Shell-Writer's Guide
>
> Unfortunately, I think the following sections are missing from the PDF:
>
> Intrinsic Units Mechanism (overview)
> IUManager (old and "spring release" versions)
> Object FiIe Formats
> Inbterface [sic] to OBJIOLIB
> Format of .SYMBOLS File
>
> Does anyone have these sections available anywhere? I'm particularly interested in doing some inbterfacing.
>
> (j/k all of those sections sound interesting and useful.)
>
> --Tom

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Received on 2015-07-16 08:22:43

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